This research has mapped substantial amount of Quaternary gravel and sand deposits in Keningau, Tenom, Sipitang, Kuala Penyu and Ranau areas. Sedimentological analysis indicates that these sediments are mostly deposited in a fluvial environment and their source rock coming mostly from the surrounding areas. Mud-cemented sandstone from the Trusmadi, Crocker and Meligan Formations form the bulk of the gravel deposits. As a result the gravel deposits do not provide aggregates of high strength. On weathering, these gravel deposits easily turns to sand, almost white in some places, such as those in Sipitang and Kuala Penyu. The gravel from the Keningau plain appears to be the most suited for use as construction materials as it has a comparatively higher composition of high-strength aggregates such as quartz and quartzite and better sorted. The white sand commonly referred, as silica sand appears to be most abundant in Sipitang and Kuala Penyu and may be utilized as high-quality concrete aggregates. 

Tectonic studies indicate that most of the Quaternary sediments have not been subjected to intense deformation. Rare occurrence of normal faults, with about 1-3 m displacement, recorded in Ranau, Keningau and Tenom plain may be associated with recent minor earthquake movement in these areas.